Rural housing under the influence of rural life has features that distinguish it from urban housing. Surveys conducted in rural housing units by considering architectural values, reveal weaknesses that requires the intervention in this type of architecture. In stages of intervention in rural housing, the domination of one-dimensional thought instead of comprehensive one due to the lack of designer's knowledge of some housing hidden aspects, have had some failures. In other words, some of skeletal characteristics of housing have roots in economic, social, cultural, environmental factors of rural life which are not easily detectable at first sight especially for those who do not have the experience of living in the countryside. Superficial glance at the rural housing architectural components has caused the hidden roots of housing architecture to be neglected and ultimately has been followed by the inability of analysis and understanding of the skeleton. It should be noted that understanding the process of changes in these roots that has occurred over time and affects the today's architecture of rural housing, is an important factor to meet today’s needs of rural housing. Ideally, designer's master of all aspects affecting the housing design is a prerequisite for proper intervention. This study has tried as far as possible, by reviewing the professional texts, to gather various aspects of rural housing from the perspective of experts and also present new aspects of rural housing which is the result of several years of authors’ fieldwork. The result is that, fairly complete set of aspects affecting rural housing design is presented. This set includes economic, social, cultural, environmental, and skeletal aspects of housing. Drawing the attention of housing designers to the mentioned set, is followed by comprehensive look at rural housing and will be an effective step in improving the results of interventions in rural housing.

This article explores the design principles for building houses with 3D printers. This study provides an overview of the architectural principles needed to design houses using this technology. The absence of these foundations can cause unsuitable designed forms for this technology. The analysis in this research includes a wide range of relevant articles, and we have found many approaches to the architectural design of 3D-printed houses. This review addresses many aspects of materials, printer types, construction sites, structures, and architecture. The results of this research will help architects understand the dos and don'ts of designing these kinds of housing and raise awareness in the design phase. Moreover, it will prevent errors during construction. In conclusion, constructing houses with 3D printers is the best for small one-story houses. Houses with hand-reinforced concrete and glass fibers in curved forms have a free plan designed by digital design. The point that must be added is that by combining structural systems with traditional roofs, we can add to the number of floors, allowing us to use more of this technology.

This paper will promote many questions about the design validity of these exciting blocks. The physical design of these blocks is prone to have social and economical problems, and it is part of the visual pollution and disturbance created on the sky line of Scottish cities special Glasgow. This paper focuses on the necessity to establish a source of initial design for high rise housing design problem classes theory. A thorough research of all the estates in Glasgow area was launched. Thus, a high amount of information was classified, in an attempt to establish a theoretical approach to support the evaluation and appraisal of current blocks problems. The new class's theory in high rise housing design problems is used as a vehicle for conducting this paper analysis. Classification includes physical and social design problems domains. The physical problems domain variables of the numbers of stories, dwellings, entrances, type of corridor, access from the streets and sharing of the site. Furthermore, to the social problems domain variables of graffiti, damage, litter, crime, drugs, child density and health have been examined. Moreover, their interdependent relationships were explored throughout the new classes' theory. The study of the new classes, theory may prove to be extremely vital for future direction in adapting some from of urban design problem solving techniques. It also serves as an evaluation tool for housing design appraisal in the city from Glasgow and similar cities worldwide.

The need for housing is one of the most basic human needs. According to the principle thirty-one constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran, having adequate housing is the right of every Iranian individual and family. The qualitative indicators of housing has always been the most sensitive instruments are accommodation plan. In other words, Muslims should be chosen home layout, which allows the growth and excellence of the individual, family and society based on Islamic beliefs provide. In this context, the principles of Islam has provided guidance in order to achieve the desired quality of housing. The research aims is to answer the basic question that is created: Which factores of quality of traditional architecture can be used due to changes in the conditions of society and the way people live, to lead to Islamic values in contemporary housing. Accordingly, Article is a qualitative study and For the final evaluation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process data is used. Gathering data on the basis of lists for interview techniques, questionnaires, have been observed. In this way, the documentary and library and map analysis has been used. Results and findings can be categorized in three parts o Extraction The Islamic concepts related to housing in the model of islamic optimal housing o Extraction architectural design patterns of traditional housing fits with this model o Prioritization patterns based on contemporary Muslim needs.

The design patterns and matching local housing construction and development of urban spaces and urban design patterns climate issues is important. This is an important monuments and buildings that are consistent with the Climatology and local characteristics of each region must be under the influence of positivist approaches; Always, the emphasis on “science” of urban design and architecture of local housing. In this article by documents and studies on local housing and urban field studies on the formation of local and indigenous housing specifically referenced in Kerman. Finally, the social and environmental aspects of urban planning and design, native housing in the city of Kerman; And in the tables of the models and analysis of local housing is Kerman.

Research Problem: design of a proper residence in order to satisfy the users’ needs has been always a complicated task. People spend quite a long time at their homes and various activities carry out there,therefore, the designed spaces have to consider a vast variety of characteristics both physically and mentally. Researchers state that considering fixed dimensions for human bodies in the architectural design is not an efficient policy. Instead, the diversity of physiques has to be taken into attention. The theory of inclusive design regards the spaces design in this way and attempts to find practical resolutions for this goal. Disabled people are among the users whose needs are often ignored in ordinary buildings design or separate spaces are often considered for them which are in contrary to the social justice principles. Research Question: The main question of this study is how residential complexes could respond to a wider range of users’ needs. Research Method: Pursuing this approach, this research tries to determine the design-related properties of residential spaces to provide an improved performance to consider the particular aspects of the disabled people. First, at the qualitative stage of the research, a comprehensive investigation of the disabled people (mobility and sensory impairments) needs and human senses has been carried out through the relevant resources and the necessary qualities of such spaces were achieved. As a result of this phase, design recommendations on the basis of multi-sensorality principles were extracted depending on the individual disabilities. In the following step, the aforementioned space characteristics were examined by four main target groups via the researcher-made questionnaire,including the people with physical, visual, and hearing disabilities as well as healthy ones. The questionnaires were distributed among 384 people divided in four groups of 96 in the Disabled People's Recreation Centers as well as residential complexes. The gathered data was utilized to test the research hypotheses and the satisfaction level of all four respondent groups regarding visual, hearing, tactile, and sensory enrichment were measured. Due to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the normality of the data distribution was specified and the corresponding parametric or non-parametric tests were applied for each data groups. For normal distributed and non-normal distributed data T-test and binomial test were considered, respectively. Nine sub-hypotheses of ten were confirmed and one of them, respecting application of textures in walls and floors, was disapproved. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: According to the results gained from the survey phase, proper design solutions were presented in both shared and private residential areas in order to meet the highest amount of satisfaction among four target groups. A number of design techniques are suggested for exterior spaces,e. g. two contrasting light and dark colors for buildings to distinguish different zones for people with visual impairments or stained glass in bright colors for canopies and staircase envelopes to indicate different building entries. Also, in interior spaces applying various colors and geometric shapes in the perimeter envelope to filter the light inside the room and use of thin layers of floor coverings could specify space borders. The research findings show that several design techniques could be assigned to different zones of residential spaces to maximize the convenience of most user categories and proceed toward the theory of design for all.

Introduction: The family is the primary context in which the process of socialization and the quality of people’s lifestyles are shaped. As an essential element of both individual and societal life, the family can play a productive role if it is able to express itself in the most desirable way and function effectively. The house, as the main setting of family life, contributes to the formation of individual personality and lifestyle, and plays a fundamental role in meeting people’s needs and aspirations. The relationship between the individual and the house is reciprocal: while human lifestyles influence the architecture of residential spaces, architectural design also directly affects family lifestyles. Thus, the way in which living spaces are designed is of great significance. The central research question is: What are the most important dimensions of family lifestyle, and how does each of them affect housing architecture?Method: The research employed a deductive content analysis method, chosen to organize the raw data obtained from existing studies. During the review of sources, an effort was made to move beyond the surface level of the texts and to identify both explicit and implicit criteria. These criteria were then coded and organized into relevant tables in order to achieve a more comprehensive result. Titles relevant to the research were identified across books, published articles, research reports, and theses. For internal sources, databases were searched using titles, abstracts, and keywords such as lifestyle, housing, family, and housing architecture. For external sources, 230 relevant studies were identified through reliable databases using similar keywords including housing design, lifestyle, family, and housing architecture.In the initial coding process, criteria with maximum thematic relevance to the research topic were extracted and categorized as 38 effective lifestyle criteria (Table 2). These were then synthesized into a preliminary framework of family lifestyle factors influencing housing design, grouped under ten general components: (1) sociological, (2) cultural, (3) social, (4) political, (5) religious, (6) economic, (7) geographical, (8) health-oriented, (9) temporal (era-based), and (10) intrinsic motivation/personal taste.In the second part of the study, these components and their subcomponents were categorized further, highlighting the relationship between lifestyle dimensions identified in the first stage and the architecture of human living spaces. Graphical analysis of the components showed that sociological and cultural factors held the highest relative frequency and importance in housing design, followed by social, economic, health-oriented, geographical, religious, political, and intrinsic motivation/personal taste dimensions.Conclusion: Family lifestyle can be understood as a relatively coherent set of behaviors and activities performed by family members in the course of daily life, encompassing diverse dimensions across social, cultural, political, economic, and other domains. Based on the findings of this study, several key lifestyle dimensions and their subcomponents were identified, including sociological factors such as gender, age, education, and family structure; geographical aspects such as climate, ethnicity, and nationality; economic considerations including income, occupation, consumerism, and economic inequality; cultural elements; health-oriented factors such as physical and mental health; belief-based aspects including religion and religious activities; political orientation and participation; social communication styles ranging from active to passive; intrinsic motivation and personal taste such as digital or minimalist lifestyles; and temporal aspects related to historical periods or eras. Each of these dimensions directly influences both family lifestyle and housing, which serves as the primary context for shaping daily behaviors and activities. Their impact on housing architecture manifests in physical aspects such as the type of residence (villa, apartment, residential complex), form and proportions (dimensions and scale), decorations, furniture, and spatial layout, as well as in non-physical aspects such as symbolic meanings, sense of belonging, perceptions of safety, and feelings of peace and comfort.

The weakening of identity and semantic aspects of housing is one of the most fundamental problems in architecture, which may be due to problems in pedagogy. Thus, using semiotics, as one of the most important factors of meaning is one of the best solutions in promoting meaning in spaces. Semiotics is usable by perception concept and mental images in education of architectural design of dwelling. Literature review shows that research has mostly focused on definition of ‘ meaning’ and ‘ sign’ terms and expression of theories and problems in architectural education. Thus, practical attitude for the concepts of meaning and signs in the process of housing design education is much needed. The first question of this research is “ What are the most important factors of semiotics for meaningful housing design education? ” The second question is “ What is the most important fundamental factor among semiotic elements in design education? ” This research tries to promote the levels of meaning aspects in housing design education by answering these two questions. The most important purpose of this paper is discovery and expression of the elements of meaningful design education using semiotic approach. This is considered for achieving the main goal of promoting identity by paying attention to social culture. This paper uses Delphi technique and document mining research method. These methods are used to explore and collect data from some university professors. The criterion for the number of interviewed professors has been “ theoretical saturation” . Sampling methods include “ random convenience sampling” , “ random theoretical sampling” and “ snowball sampling” . Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires are used as tools for data discovery. According to the results, the most important semiotic factors for meaningful housing design education include: “ design perception” , “ researched-based essence for entire of the design process” , “ user’ s participations in design process” , “ semantic aesthetics” and “ semiotic meanings” . These five elements are the answer for the first question. “ Mental perception” is found to be the most important factor among semiotic elements in design education. The “ design perception” is created by educating meaning layers interaction, based on conformity with psychological aspects of users, in design and conceptualization stages. One of the ways for user’ s participation in design process is using actual sites for connecting students and users for paying attention to user’ s needs. According to professor’ s views, the most important aspect of user’ s participation in design process is known as user’ s assessment in ideation and shaping ideas. “ User’ s participations in design process” is suggested for recognition of site’ s context, for example social culture of users and perception of user’ s needs and designing based on the results of research. The most important elements for creation of “ semantic aesthetics” in students’ views are “ semiotic factors in spatial perception” , “ strong contradictions and distinctions between predicate and subject” , “ exquisite manifestation of open space in housing design” , and “ light based design” . The factors that create the most significant “ semiotic meanings” in design education include: “ positive and negative spaces” , “ pause and move spaces” , “ social culture of the context” , “ historical, symbolic and climatic values” and using “ physical proportions to achieve semiotic form” .

One of the excluded subjects in the frame of programs and designs which are related to built environment such as housing, is a quality discussion, particularly the effect of cultural values. Meanwhile the main attention of housing preparation experts is concentrating mainly on subject and quantity matters, specially economical matters. This article is trying to state and briefly introduce some quality characteristics of desired housing as the honour of cultural values. To gain this aim after the introduction, considering the above characteristics, the criteria's of design and the acquired methods will be titled. 1- Quality characteristics of desired housing. According to the "unitism thought" which is taken from the Islamic Culture, housing is not separatable from the related subjects of human life. One of the most noticeable subject is observing the quality and quantity factors together. So in this part the overall quality characteristics of housing will be considered the meant quality characteristics mostly include those cases which are introduced in Islamic instructions either as housing and living location characteristics or what can have positive effect on quality for human life. 2- design Criteria's In this part we will talk about the criteria's which by respecting them the stages of programming, designing, and performance, we can collect the opportunity of manifesting, the desired housing for the society who think about the noted quality characteristics. In other word, each of these play their roll in glowing to real meaning of one or more of the noted characteristics. 3- Acquired methods of quality characteristics several human groups such as: designers, programmatic, politicians, manufactures and consumers play their roll, in creating, changing and manifesting, the pattern of housing. This part of this article will point to some cases of related subjects which can be effective on the mental and practical preparation of these groups, in other words, a set of methods will be presented that by putting them in use the possibility of manifesting the quality characteristics of housing will be prepared.